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| native_name_lang =zh-hans | other_name = |settlement_type = Municipality |total_type = Municipality |image_skyline = Beijing montage 1.png |image_caption = Clockwise from top: Beijing CBD skyline, Tiananmen, Temple of Heaven, National Center for the Performing Arts, and Beijing National Stadium |image_map = Beijing in China (+all claims hatched).svg |map_caption = Location of Beijing Municipality within China |image_map1 = |map_caption1 = |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = CN-11 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |established_title = |established_date = |parts_type = Divisions〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm )〕 - County-level - Township-level |parts = 16 districts 289 towns and villages |government_type = Municipality |leader_title = Party Secretary |leader_name = Guo Jinlong (Politburo member) |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Wang Anshun |leader_title2 = Congress Chairman |leader_name2 = Du Deyin |leader_title3 = Conference Chairman |leader_name3 = Ji Lin |area_total_km2 = 16410.54 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_urban_km2 = 1368.32 |area_rural_km2 = 15042.22 |area_footnotes = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ )〕 |elevation_m = 43.5 |elevation_footnotes = |population_total = 21516000 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_urban = 18590000 |population_metro =24900000 |population_metro_footnotes = (2010)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015 )〕 |population_blank1_title = Ranks in China |population_blank1 = Population: 3rd; Density: 4th |population_demonym = |demographics_type1 = Major ethnic groups |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = Han |demographics1_info1 =96% |demographics1_title2 = Manchu |demographics1_info2 =2% |demographics1_title3 = Hui |demographics1_info3 = 2% |demographics1_title4 = Mongol |demographics1_info4 = 0.3% |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_type = |latd=39 |latm=55 |latNS=N |longd=116 |longm=23 |longEW=E |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 100000–102629 |area_code = 10 |blank_name_sec1 = GDP |blank_info_sec1 = 2014 |blank1_name_sec1 = - Total |blank1_info_sec1 = CNY 2.133 trillion US$ 347.24 billion (13th) |blank2_name_sec1 = - Per capita |blank2_info_sec1 = CNY 99,214 US$ 16,150 (2nd) |blank3_name_sec1 = - Growth |blank3_info_sec1 = 7.3% |blank4_name_sec1 = HDI (2010) |blank4_info_sec1 = 0.821 (1st)—very high |blank5_name_sec1 = License plate prefixes |blank5_info_sec1 = 京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q 京B (taxis) 京G, Y (outside urban area) 京O, D (police and authorities)|blank_name_sec2 = City trees |blank_info_sec2 =Chinese arborvitae (''Platycladus orientalis'') |blank1_name_sec2 = |blank1_info_sec2 =Pagoda tree (''Sophora japonica'') |blank2_name_sec2 = City flowers |blank2_info_sec2 =China rose (''Rosa chinensis'') |blank3_name_sec2 = |blank3_info_sec2 =Chrysanthemum (''Chrysanthemum morifolium'') |website = (www.ebeijing.gov.cn ) |footnotes = }} Beijing (known as Peking in English until the late 20th century, still employed adjectivally in terms such as "Pekingese", "Peking duck", etc., and in common and official use in several languages) is the capital of China and one of the most populous cities in the world. Its population in 2013 was 21,150,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beijing population reaches 21 million )〕 The city proper is the 3rd largest in the world. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.〔Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at (2006年中国乡村人口数 中国人口与发展研究中心 ) ((archive )). Retrieved 21 April 2009.〕 Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/esite/bjsq/jbqk/ )〕 Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies, and is a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic. The city's history dates back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for much of the past eight centuries. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beijing )〕 and its art treasures and universities have made it a center of culture and art in China.〔 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' notes that "few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beijing )〕 Beijing has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, Great Wall, and the Grand Canal.〔(Chinese) (走进北京七大世界文化遗产--千龙网 ) 18 August 2014〕 Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, which will make it the first and only city to ever host both events. ==Etymology== Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means "Northern Capital" (from the Chinese characters for ''north'' and for ''capital''), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming Dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the "Southern Capital").〔Hucker, Charles O. "( Governmental Organization of The Ming Dynasty )", p. 56. ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'', Vol. 21 (Dec. 1958). Harvard-Yenching Institute. Retrieved 20 October 2012.〕 The English spelling is based on the pinyin romanization of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. An older English spelling, Peking, is the postal romanization of the same two characters as they are pronounced in Chinese dialects spoken in the southern port towns first visited by European traders and missionaries. Those dialects preserve the Middle Chinese pronunciation of as ''kjaeng'',〔Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. ', p. 63. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.〕 prior to a phonetic shift in the northern dialects to the modern pronunciation.〔Coblin, W. South. "A Brief History of Mandarin". ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' 120, no. 4 (2000): 537–52.〕 The single Chinese character abbreviation for Beijing is , which appears on automobile license plates in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is "BJ".〔Standardization Administration of China (SAC). "(GB/T-2260: Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China )."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beijing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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